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史上最全!119位诺贝尔文学奖得主全盘点

元宇宙app官方版下载 2022年10月13日 07:20 100 Connor

10月6日晚7点,2022年诺贝尔文学奖由法国作家安妮·埃尔诺(Annie Eraux)摘得,这也是继2014年帕特里克 · 莫迪亚诺获得诺奖之后,法国作家再次获得该奖。

自1901年以来,诺贝尔文学奖至今已产生119位得主。除了 安妮·埃尔诺,以及大家熟知的泰戈尔、罗曼 ·罗兰、托马斯·曼、黑塞、加缪、莫言……历史上的诺奖作家还有哪些?

今天,一文全部get!

温馨提示:文末有福利,不要错过啦~

1901年

苏利-普吕多姆

(Sully-Prudhomme,1839—1907)

展开全文

“他的诗作是高尚的理想,是完美的艺术,是罕见的心灵与智慧的融合 ”

“in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect”

1902年

特奥多尔· 蒙森

(Christian Theodor Mommsen,1817—1903)

“在世最伟大的历史写作大师,特别致敬他里程碑式的著作《罗马史》”

“the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A history of Rome”

1903年

比昂斯滕 · 比昂松

(Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson,1832—1910)

“他的诗作雍容、华丽、缤纷,以鲜活的灵感与少见的赤诚之心而著称”

“as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit”

1904年

弗雷德里克 · 米斯特拉尔

(Frédéric Mistra,1830—1914)

“他的诗歌蕴涵清新的原创性和真正的灵感,忠实地折射出这片地区的自然风光及其人民的质朴情感,同时,他作为普罗旺斯语言学家也做出了重要贡献 ”

“in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist”

埃切加赖 · 伊 · 埃伊萨吉雷

(José Echegaray y Eizaguirre,1832—1916)

“他创作了大量出色的戏剧,以独特新颖的风格,复兴了西班牙戏剧的伟大传统”

“in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama”

1905年

亨利克 · 显克维支

(Henryk Pius Sienkiewicz,1846—1916)

“他在历史小说写作上取得了卓著功绩”

“because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer”

1906年

乔苏埃 · 卡尔杜齐

(Giosuè Alessandro Carducci,1835—1907)

“他精深的学识和批判性研究令人赞叹,更值得赞扬的是其诗歌杰作的创作活力、清新的风格与抒情的魅力”

“not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces”

1907年

约瑟夫 · 鲁德亚德 · 吉卜林

(Joseph Rudyard Kipling,1865—1936)

“作为一位享誉世界的作家,他的作品以观察入微、思想新颖、气概雄浑和叙述卓越见长”

“in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author”

1908年

鲁道夫 · 克里斯托弗· 奥伊肯

(Rudolf Christoph Eucken,1846—1926)

“他把对真理的热切探求、深邃的洞察力、广博的视野,以及热忱和充满力量的表达都融入了其众多著作之中,阐释了理想主义的人生哲学”

“in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life”

1909年

塞尔玛 · 拉格洛芙

(Selma Lagerlöf,1858—1940)

“她的作品饱含崇高的理想、生动的想象,以及精神上的感知力”

“in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings”

1910年

保尔 · 海塞

(Paul Heyse,1830—1914)

“作为抒情诗人、剧作家、长篇小说家和蜚声世界的短篇小说家,在长久的创作生涯中,他展示出了浸透着理想主义的非凡艺术才能”

“as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories”

1911年

莫里斯 · 梅特林克

(Maurice MarieMaeterlinck,1862—1949)

“他形式多样的文学创作,尤其是戏剧作品,具有丰富的想象力,充满诗意,有时是在童话的形式之下,蕴涵着深邃的灵感,以一种神妙的方式打动读者的心,并且激发着他们的想象”

“in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations”

1912年

盖哈特 · 豪普特曼

(Gerhart Johann Hauptmann,1862—1946)

“他在戏剧领域取得了丰硕的成果,创作了多样而杰出的作品”

“primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art”

1913年

罗宾德拉纳特 · 泰戈尔

(Rabindranath Tagore,1861—1941)

“他创作了含义深远、清新而优美的诗歌。他运用完美的技巧,运用自己的英语词汇,使他诗意盎然的思想成为西方文学的组成部分”

“because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West”

1914年

未颁奖

1915年

罗曼 · 罗兰

(Romain Rolland,1866—1944)

“他的文学创作中蕴涵崇高的理想主义,他用同理心和对真理的热忱描摹着不同的人物”

“as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings”

1916年

古斯塔夫 · 魏尔纳 · 冯 · 海顿斯坦

(Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam,1859—1940)

“他是引领瑞典文学的新时代的重要代表”

“in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature”

1917年

卡尔 · 阿道夫 · 吉勒鲁普

(Karl Adolph Gjellerup,1857—1919)

“他在高尚理想的激发下,创作了丰富而多彩的诗歌”

“for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals”

亨利克 · 彭托皮丹

(Henrik Pontoppidan,1857—1943)

“他真实地描述了丹麦当下的社会”

“for his authentic deions of present-day life in Denmark”

1918年

未颁奖

1919年

卡尔 · 施皮特勒

(Carl Spitteler,1845—1924)

“他创作了史诗般的作品《奥林匹斯山的春天》”

“in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring”

1920年

克努特 · 汉姆生

(Knut Hamsun,1859—1952)

“由于他的里程碑式的作品《大地的成长》”

“for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil”

1921年

阿纳托尔 · 法朗士

(Anatole France,1844—1924)

“由于他的文学创作的辉煌成就,它的特色在于高尚的风格、宽厚的人道同情、迷人的魅力以及一个真正的高卢人的气质”

“in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament”

1922年

哈辛托 · 贝纳文特 · 伊 · 马丁内斯

(Jacinto Benavente y Martínez,1866—1954)

“由于他以得体的风格继承了西班牙戏剧的卓越传统”

“for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama”

1923年

威廉 · 勃特勒 · 叶芝

(William Butler Yeats,1865—1939)

“由于他那富于灵感的诗歌以精美的艺术形式展现了整个民族的精神”

“for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation”

1924年

弗拉迪斯拉夫 · 莱蒙特

(Władysław Stanisław Reymont,1867—1925)

“由于他的伟大的民族史诗式的作品《农民》”

“for his great national epic, The Peasants”

1925年

乔治 · 伯纳德 · 萧

(George Bernard Shaw,1856—1950)

“由于在他的作品中所具有的理想主义和人道主义精神,其令人激动的讽刺常蕴涵着一种独特的诗意美”

“for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty”

1926年

格拉齐亚 · 黛莱达

(Grazia Maria Deledda,1871—1936)

“由于她那些为理想主义所激发的著作,明晰而透彻地描绘了她所生长的海岛生活,并以深刻而怜悯的姿态洞察了人类的一般问题”

“for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general”

1927年

亨利 · 柏格森

(Henri Bergson,1859—1941)

“表彰他丰富而生机勃勃的思想及表达上的卓越技巧”

“in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented”

1928年

西格里德 · 温塞特

(Sigrid Undset,1882—1949)

“主要是由于她对中世纪北欧生活的强有力描绘”

“principally for her powerful deions of Northern life during the Middle Ages”

1929年

托马斯 · 曼

(Paul Thomas Mann,1875—1955)

“由于他那在当代文学中具有日益巩固的经典地位的伟大小说《布登勃洛克一家》 ”

“principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature”

1930年

亨利 · 辛克莱 · 刘易斯

(Harry Sinclair Lewis,1885—1951)

“由于他充沛有力、切身和动人的叙述艺术,和他以机制幽默去开创新风格的才华”

“for his vigorous and graphic art of deion and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters”

1931年

埃利克 · 阿克塞尔 · 卡尔费尔德

(Erik Axel Karlfeldt,1864—1931)

“由于他的诗歌创作”

“The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt”

1932年

约翰 · 高尔斯华绥

(John Galsworthy,1867—1933)

“由于他卓越的叙事艺术——这种艺术在《福尔赛世家》中达到高峰”

“for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga”

1933年

伊凡 · 亚历克塞维奇 · 蒲宁

(Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin,1870—1953)

“由于他严谨的艺术才能,使俄罗斯古典传统在散文中得到继承”

“for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing”

1934年

路易吉 · 皮兰德娄

(Luigi Pirandello,1867—1936)

“由于他果敢而灵巧地复兴了戏剧艺术和舞台艺术”

“for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art”

1935年

未颁奖

1936年

尤金 · 奥尼尔

(Eugene O'Neill,1888—1953)

“由于他在戏剧作品中所表现的力量、热忱和深挚的感情,是完全符合悲剧的原始概念的”

“for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy”

1937年

罗杰 · 马丁 · 杜 · 加尔

(Roger Martin du Gard,1881—1958)

“由于在他的系列长篇小说《蒂博一家》中所表现出来的艺术魅力和真实性,通过这些描绘,展现了人类现代生活中的各个不同层面”

“for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault”

1938年

赛珍珠

(Pearl Sydenstricker Buck,1892—1973)

“由于她对中国农民生活丰富而真实的、真正史诗般的描述,以及她在传记方面的杰作”

“for her rich and truly epic deions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces”

1939年

弗兰斯 · 埃米尔 · 西兰帕

(Frans Eemil Sillanpää,1888—1964)

“由于他在描绘两种相互影响的东西——祖国的本质和本国的农民、农村的生活——时所表现的深刻了解和运用的精湛艺术”

“for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature”

1940年-1943年

未颁奖

1944年

约翰内斯 · 威尔海姆 · 延森

(Johannes Vilhelm Jensen,1873—1950)

“由于他那雄浑而丰富的充满诗意的想象力,使渊博的智慧探求和大胆、新奇的独创风格结合起来”

“for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style”

1945年

加夫列拉 · 米斯特拉尔

(Gabriela Mistral,1889—1957)

“由于她那富于强烈感情孕育而成的抒情诗作,使她的名字成为整个拉丁美洲世界渴求理想的象征”

“for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world”

1946年

赫尔曼 · 黑塞

(Hermann Karl Hesse,1877—1962)

“由于他的富于灵感的作品,一方面具有遒劲的气势和深刻的洞察力,另一方面象征崇高的人道主义理想和高尚风格”

“for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style”

1947年

安德烈 · 纪德

(André Gide,1869—1951)

“由于他的内容广博和艺术意味深长的作品——这些作品以对真理的大无畏的热爱和敏锐的心理学洞察力,表现了人类的种种问题和处境”

“for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight”

1948年

T. S. 艾略特

(Thomas Stearns Eliot,1888—1965)

“由于他对当代诗歌的开拓性的卓越贡献”

“for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry”

1949年

威廉 · 福克纳

(William Faulkner,1897—1962)

“由于他对现代美国小说作出的强有力和艺术上无与伦比的贡献”

“for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel”

1950年

伯特伦 · 亚瑟 · 威廉 · 罗素

(Bertrand Arthur William Russell,1872—1970)

“表彰他捍卫了人道主义理想和自由 思想的多样而有重大 意义的作品”

“in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought”

1951年

帕尔 · 费比安 · 拉格奎斯特

(Pär Fabian Lagerkvist,1891—1974)

“由于他通过作品中深刻的艺术描绘和独立的论证手段,竭力为人类所面临的共同问题寻找永恒的答案,表现了艺术家的活力和真正独立的见解”

“for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind”

1952年

弗朗索瓦 · 莫里亚克

(François Mauriac,1885—1970)

“由于他在他的小说中剖析了人生的戏剧,体现了对心灵的深刻观察和艺术激情”

“for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life”

1953年

温斯顿 · 丘吉尔

(Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill,1874—1965)

“由于他精通历史和传记的叙述艺术,以及他那捍卫崇高的人的价值的光辉演说”

“for his mastery of historical and biographical deion as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values”

1954年

欧内斯特 · 米勒 · 海明威

(Ernest Miller Hemingway,1899—1961)

“由于他对叙事艺术的精通,突出地表现在他的近作《老人与海》中;同时也由于他对当代文风的影响”

“for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style”

1955年

哈尔多尔 · 奇里扬 · 拉克斯内斯

(Halldór Kiljan Laxness,1902—1998)

“由于他以生动的、史诗般的作品,使伟大的冰岛叙事艺术焕然一新”

“for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland”

1956年

胡安 · 拉蒙 · 希梅内斯

(Juan Ramón Jiménez Mantecón,1881—1958)

“由于他的抒情诗在 西班牙语言中已成为唤起高尚情操和艺术纯洁的典范”

“for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity”

1957年

阿尔贝 · 加缪

(Albert Camus,1913—1960)

“由于他的重要的文学创作,以明澈的认真态度阐明了当代人良心所面临的问题”

“for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times”

1958年

鲍利斯 · 列昂尼多维奇 · 帕斯捷尔纳克

(Boris Leonidovich Pasternak,1890—1960)

“由于他在当代抒情诗和伟大的俄罗斯叙事文学传统方面,都取得了重大成就”

“for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition”

1959年

萨瓦多尔 · 夸西莫多

(Salvatore Quasimodo,1901—1968)

“由于他的抒情诗,以高贵典雅的热忱表达了我们时代生活中的悲剧性经历”

“for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times”

1960年

圣-琼 · 佩斯

(Saint-John Perse,1887—1975)

“由于他以翱翔凌空和富有感染力的形象描绘,在诗中展现了现代社会生活充满幻想的沉思”

“for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time”

1961年

伊沃 · 安德里奇

(Ivo Andric,1892—1975)

“他的作品以史诗般的气魄从其祖国的历史中摄取题材,来描绘这个国家和人民的命运”

“for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country”

1962年

约翰 · 斯坦贝克

(John Steinbeck,1902—1968)

“由于他那现实主义的、寓于想象的创作,把蕴涵同情的幽默和对社会的敏感结合起来”

“for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception”

1963年

乔治 · 塞菲里斯

(Giorgos Seferis,1900—1971)

“由于他卓越的抒情诗作,倾注了对古希腊文化的深厚感情”

“for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture”

1964年

让-保罗 · 萨特

(Jean-Paul Sartre,1905—1980)

“由于他的著作具有丰富的思想、充满自由的精神和对真理的探索,已对我们时代产生了深远的影响”

“for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age”

1965年

米哈依尔 · 肖洛霍夫

(Mikhail Sholokhov,1905—1984)

“由于他在那部描写顿河流域的史诗般的杰作中,以强烈的艺术力和正直的创造性,真实地反映了俄罗斯民族生活的一个历史阶段”

“for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people”

1966年

施穆埃尔 · 约瑟夫 · 阿格农

(Shmuel Yosef Agnon,1888—1970)

“由于他的深刻而独具特色的叙事艺术,描绘了犹太民族的生活这一主题”

“for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people”

奈莉 · 萨克斯

(Nelly Sachs,1891—1970)

“由于她杰出的抒情诗与戏剧作品,以感人的力量描述了以色列的命运”

“for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength”

1967年

米格尔 · 安赫尔 · 阿斯图里亚斯

(Miguel Ángel Asturias,1899—1974)

“由于他的出色的文学成就,以及他的作品深深地植根于自己的民族特质和印第安人传统之中,显得鲜明和富有生气”

“for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America”

1968年

川端康成(1899—1972)

“由于他高超的叙事艺术,以非凡的敏锐表达了最具有民族本性的日本人的精神”

“for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind”

1969年

萨缪尔 · 贝克特

(Samuel Beckett,1906—1989)

“由于他那具有新奇形式的小说和戏剧作品,使现代人从贫困中得到振奋”

“for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation”

1970年

亚历山大 · 索尔仁尼琴

(Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn,1918—2008)

“由于在他的作品中反映的道德力量,使俄国文学不可缺少的传统得到继承和发扬”

“for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature”

1971年

巴勃罗 · 聂鲁达

(Pablo Neruda,1904—1973)

“由于他的诗作具有自然力般的作用,复苏了一个大陆的命运与梦想”

“for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams”

1972年

海因里希 · 伯尔

(Heinrich Theodor Böll,1917—1985)

“他凭借对时代的宽阔视野,结合典型化的灵敏技巧,对复兴德国文学作出了贡献”

“for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature”

1973年

帕特里克 · 怀特

(Patrick White,1912—1990)

“他的作品以史诗般的气魄和刻画人物心理的叙述艺术,把一个新大陆引入世界文学之林”

“for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature”

1974年

埃温特 · 约翰逊

(Eyvind Johnson,1900—1976)

“其叙事艺术显示出对空间与时间的远见卓识,并服务于自由”

“for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom”

哈里 · 埃德蒙 · 马丁松

(Harry Edmund Martinson,1904—1978)

“由于他的作品能透过一滴露珠反映出整个宇宙 ”

“for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos”

1975年

埃乌杰尼奥 · 蒙塔莱

(Eugenio Montale,1896—1981)

“由于他独树一帜的诗歌创作,以巨大的艺术敏感性,以及排除幻想的生活洞察力,阐明了人的价值”

“for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions”

1976年

索尔 · 贝娄

(Saul Bellow,1915—2005)

“他的作品中融合了对人性的理解和对当代文化的精湛分析”

“for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work”

1977年

维森特 · 阿莱克桑德雷

(Vicente Aleixandre,1898—1984)

“其富有创造性的诗作,描述了人类在宇宙中以及当今社会中的境况,同时也代表了战争期间西班牙诗歌传统的伟大复兴”

“for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars”

1978年

艾萨克 · 巴什维斯 · 辛格

(Isaac Bashevis Singer,1904—1991)

“他的洋溢着激情的叙事艺术,不仅是从波兰犹太人的文化传统中汲取了养料 ,而且还将人类的普遍处境逼真地反映出来”

“for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life”

1979年

奥德修斯 · 埃利蒂斯

(Odysseus Elytis,1911—1996)

“他的诗歌从源远流长的希腊传统中汲取营养,并以强烈的情感和敏锐的智力,展示了现代人为争取自由和从事创造性劳动而进行的斗争”

“for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness”

1980年

切斯瓦夫 · 米沃什

(Czesław Miłosz,1911—2004)

“他以不妥协的、敏锐的洞察力,描述了人类在激烈冲突的世界中所暴露的种种状态”

“who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts”

1981年

埃利亚斯 · 卡内蒂

(Elias Canetti,1905—1994)

“他的作品具有广阔的视野、丰富的思想和艺术的震撼力”

“for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power”

1982年

加西亚 · 马尔克斯

(Gabriel García Márquez,1927—2014)

“由于他在小说作品中,运用丰富的想象力,把幻想和现实融为一体,勾画出一个丰富多彩的幻想世界,反映了拉丁美洲大陆的生命与斗争”

“for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts”

1983年

威廉 · 戈尔丁

(William Golding,1911—1993)

“具有清晰的现实主义叙述技巧以及虚构故事的多样性与普遍性,阐述了今日世界人类的状况”

“for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today”

1984年

雅罗斯拉夫 · 塞弗尔特

(Jaroslav Seifert,1901—1986)

“由于他的诗作中所具有的新颖的感觉和丰富的创造力,提供了一个不可屈服的精神和多才多艺的诗人自我解放的典型”

“for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man”

1985年

克洛德 · 西蒙

(Claude Simon,1913—2005)

“他善于把诗人和画家的丰富想象与深刻的时间意识融为一体,对人类的生存状况进行了深入的描写”

“who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition”

1986年

沃莱 · 索因卡

(Wole Soyinka,1934— )

“他以广阔的文化视野创作了富有诗意的人生的戏剧”

“who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence”

1987年

约瑟夫 · 布罗茨基

(IosifAleksandrovich Brodsky,1940—1996)

“其创作才华包罗万象,且浸润了清晰的思想和强烈的诗意”

“for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity”

1988年

纳吉布 · 马哈福兹

(Naguib Mahfouz,1911—2006)

“其作品充满幽微的细节,时而具有洞悉一切的现实性,时而具有引人深思的多义性,建立了适用于全人类的阿拉伯叙事艺术”

“who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous - has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind”

1989年

卡米洛 · 何塞 · 塞拉

(Camilo José Cela,1916—2002)

“其浓墨重彩的散文以克制的同情展现了对于人的脆弱性的复杂洞察 ”

“for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability”

1990年

奥克塔维奥 · 帕斯

(Octavio Paz,1914—1998)

“他的作品充满激情,视野开阔,渗透着感悟的智慧并体现了完美的人道主义”

“for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity”

1991年

纳丁 · 戈迪默

(Nadine Gordimer,1923—2014)

“通过她卓著的史诗般的写作——用阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的话来说——让人类获益匪浅”

“who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity”

1992年

德里克 · 沃尔科特

(Derek Alton Walcott,1930—2017)

“他的诗歌作品所具有的巨大的启发性,散发着巨大的光和热,并具有历史眼光,是多元文化驱动下的产物”

“for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment”

1993年

托妮 · 莫里森

(Toni Morrison,1931—2019)

“在她富有想象力和诗意的小说作品中,生动地再现了美国现实的一个极为重要的方面 ”

“who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality”

1994年

大江健三郎(1935— )

“他以诗的力量创造了一个将现实与神话紧密凝缩在一起的想象世界,呈现出一幅当代人类困境的窘迫图景”

“who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today”

1995年

谢默斯 · 希尼

(Seamus Heaney,1939—2013)

“在他的诗歌中,具有抒情美和伦理上的深度,并使日常奇迹和具有生命力的过去得到升华”

“for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past”

1996年

维斯瓦娃 · 辛波丝卡

(Wislawa Szymborska,1923—2012)

“鉴于她的诗歌以精湛而准确的讽喻,揭示了人类现实社会中诸多方面的历史背景和生态规律”

“for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality”

1997年

达里奥 · 福

(Dario Fo,1926—2016)

“ 他继承了中世纪喜剧演员的精神,贬斥权威,维护被压迫者的尊严”

“who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden”

1998年

若泽 · 萨拉马戈

(José de Sousa Saramago,1922—2010)

“其极富想像力、同情心和讽刺性的寓言作品,使我们得以反复重温那段难以捉摸的历史”

“who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality”

1999年

君特 · 格拉斯

(Günter Grass,1927—2015)

“他以戏谑的黑色寓言描述了曾被历史遗忘的一角”

“whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history”

2000年

高行健(1940— )

“其作品的普遍价值,刻骨铭心的洞察力和语言的丰富、机智,为中文小说和艺术戏剧开辟了新的道路”

“for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama”

2001年

V. S. 奈保尔

(Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul,1932—2018)

“其著作将极具洞察力的叙述与不为世俗左右的探索融为一体,是驱策我们从扭曲的历史中探寻真实的动力”

“for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories”

2002年

伊姆雷 · 凯尔泰斯

(Imre Kertész,1929—2016)

“他深刻刻画了历史上脆弱易伤的个体在对抗野蛮专制强权时的痛苦经历”

“for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history”

2003年

J. M. 库切

(John M. Coetzee,1940— )

“精准地刻画了众多假面具下的人性本质”

“who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider”

2004年

埃尔弗里德 · 耶利内克

(Elfriede Jelinek,1946— )

“她用超凡的语言以及小说中表现出的音乐感,显示了社会的荒谬以及它们使人屈服的奇异力量”

“for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power”

2005年

哈罗德 · 品特

(Harold Pinter,1930—2008)

“他的戏剧揭示了日常絮谈掩盖下的惊心动魄之处,并强行闯入压抑者紧闭的房间”

“who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms”

2006年

奥尔罕 · 帕慕克

(Orhan Pamuk,1952— )

“在对故乡忧郁灵魂的探求中,他为文化的冲突与融合找到了新的象征”

“who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures”

2007年

多丽丝 · 莱辛

(Doris May Lessing,1919—2013)

“她用怀疑、热情、有远见的力量提出了可供审视的一个分裂的文明,其作品如同一部女性经验的史诗”

“that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny”

2008年

让-马里·古斯塔夫·勒·克莱齐奥

(Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio,1940— )

“一个集背叛,诗意冒险和感性迷狂于一身的作家,探寻文明支配下的边缘人性”

“author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization”

2009年

赫塔 · 米勒

(Herta Müller,1953— )

“以诗歌的凝练和散文的率直直接展现了无家可归者的境遇”

“who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed”

2010年

马里奥 · 巴尔加斯 · 略萨

(Mario Vargas Llosa,1936— )

“他精确地绘制出权力结构,对个人反抗、反叛和挫败给予犀利的描述”

“for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat”

2011年

托马斯 · 特朗斯特罗姆

(Tomas Transtromer,1931—2015)

“通过高度凝炼、易于辨识的意象,他为我们提供了通向现实的全新途径”

“because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality”

2012年

莫言(1955— )

“将魔幻现实主义与民间故事、历史与当代社会融合在一起”

“who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary”

2013年

艾丽丝 · 门罗

(Alice Munro,1931— )

“当代短篇小说大师 ”

“master of the contemporary short story”

2014

帕特里克 · 莫迪亚诺

(Patrick Modiano,1945— )

“他用记忆的艺术,召唤最不可把握的人类命运,揭露占领时期的生命世界”

“for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the occupation”

2015年

S. A. 阿列克谢耶维奇

(Svetlana Alexandravna Alexievich,1948— )

“因为她丰富多元的写作,为我们时代的苦难和勇气树立了丰碑”

“for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time”

2016年

鲍勃 · 迪伦

(Bob Dylan,1941— )

“在伟大的美国歌曲传统中创造了全新的诗意表达方式”

“for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”

2017年

石黑一雄(1954— )

“他的小说以其巨大的情感力量,发掘了隐藏在我们与世界联系的幻觉之下的深渊”

“who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world”

2018年

奥尔加 · 托卡尔丘克

(Olga Tokarczuk,1962— )

“她用百科全书式的热情呈现了一种充满想象的叙事,代表了一种跨越重重边界的生命方式”

“for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life”

2019年

彼得 · 汉德克

(Peter Handke,1942— )

“以独创性的语言探索人类经验的广度和特性,影响深远”

“for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience”

2020年

路易丝 · 格丽克

(Louise Glück,1943— )

“因为她毋庸置疑的诗意之声,以朴素之美让个体性的生存具有普遍性”

“for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”

2021年

阿卜杜勒-拉扎克 · 古尔纳

(Abdulrazak Gurnah,1948— )

“因为他对殖民主义文学的影响,以及对身处于不同文化夹缝中难民处境毫不妥协且富有同情心的洞察 ”

“for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”

2022年

安妮 · 埃尔诺

(Annie Ernaux,1940— )

“她以勇气和敏锐的洞察力揭示了个人记忆的根源、隔阂和集体限制”

“for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory”

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2. 微信公众号: 三联生活周刊、新京报书评周刊、文学报、人民文学出版社等

3. 毛信德 主编,罗杰鹦 副主编.诺贝尔文学奖颁奖词与获奖演说全集[M],浙江工商大学出版社.

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